A wastewater-based epidemiology and material investigation framework to track phthalate exposure from commonly used building materials

ABSTRACT

Phthalates, widely used as plasticizers in building materials, are known for their endocrine-disrupting properties, potential carcinogenicity, and other associated health hazards. Despite these risks, there is limited understanding of phthalate exposure from the built environment. This study analyzed the Health Product Declaration repository and developed a wastewater-based epidemiology framework. The research revealed a significant presence of phthalates in building products, particularly doors and windows. Dust inhalation was identified as a primary exposure pathway. Wastewater-based epidemiology proved to be a reliable and cost-effective monitoring method. The study recommends transitioning to safer alternatives like cardanol or epoxidized soybean oil to mitigate health risks associated with phthalates.

Some Important results

Distribution of phthalates in a typical house.

This study shows that diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diisononyl hexahydrophthalate (DINCH), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are found most prevalently in the Health Product Declaration (HPD) repository and therefore the built environment. The identified phthalates were most commonly found in sunshades, insulation, fabrics, and wall coverings. The most commonly found phthalates have fewer potential health effects than older, more traditional phthalates like DEHP and only make up less than 1.5% of all products reported in the HDP repository. However, the future of using WBE to detect phthalate exposure in the built environment is still uncertain, with future research needed to conclude its effectiveness. Plasticizer alternatives can be a viable alternative to phthalates now and in the future.